2013年3月20日星期三

YUFA


The basic word order of the Swedish clause is shown below. The second position in the table, called Finite, is filled by the tensed verb in main clauses, and by the subjunction in embedded clauses. In the table, main clauses and embedded clauses are paired to show the parallel word orders.

First PositionM i d d l e p a r tF i n a l p a r t (Verb phrase)
FiniteSubjectSent.advlVerbObjectAdvl
Vemwhoharhasintenotlästreadden här bokenthis bookänyet
(Jag vet)vemI know whosomthatintenothar lästhas readden här bokenthis bookänyet
Den här bokenthis bookharhashanhefaktisktactuallylästread
(Det ärmin bokit is my booksomthathanhefaktisktactuallyhar lästhas read
As the word order of the Final part indicates, Swedish is a language with verb-initial verb phrases. 

Sententical adverbials may occur clause initially, clause finally, or in the middle field:

First positionFinite SubjectSent. advl.VerbObject.Content advl.
JohanJohanharhastroligenprobablyträffatmetAnnaAnna
TroligenprobablyharhasJohanJohanträffatmetAnnaAnna
JohanJohanharhasträffatmetAnnaAnnasåvitt jag vetas far as I know
The main types of Swedish sentential adverbials are:


d. Negating adverbials deny the truth of the proposition: inte ’not’.
When more than one sentential adverbial occurs in the middle field, there is usually a strict order:
 
XModal particleConjunctional adverbialModal adverbialFocalizing adverbialNegating adverbialY
Anna harAnna hasjuof courseemellertidhoweversannoliktprobablyintenotgjort detdone it
Han villhe wantsvälwelländåstillkanskemaybebarajustintenotskrattalaugh
The most common sentence adverbs in written Swedish: inte ‘not’, också ‘also’, även ‘also’, bara ‘just, only’, kanske ‘maybe’, ju ‘you know, of course’, därför ‘therefore‘, emellertid ‘thus’, just ‘just, exactly’, endast ‘only’.
1.6. NEGATION
General

The order of elements in the Swedish verb phrase is given in the scheme below. Directly following the verb is the verbal particle, which forms a separable compound with the verb. If there is an indirect object, this follows next, preceding a position where we find the subjectpredicative complement, the direct object or the associate subject; see the last example below for a case with both an indirect object and an associate subject. The object predicative complementand the infinitive of the object with infinitive construction share a position, followed by a field for bound content adverbials (Han bor i Lund ‘he lives in Lund’) and prepositional objects (Han ser på henne ‘he is looking at her’). Finally there is a field for free content adverbials and postponed phrases
  
  
  
  
 
VerbParticleInd. obj.Direct object,etc.Object predicativesetc.Bound adverbialsFree advls,Postponed phrases
kastathrowutout en bolla ball  på planenin field.the
bör geshould give honomhimen boka book  på födelsedagenat his birthday
målapaint  husetthe houseröttred  
hoppajumpuppup en katta cat på bordetat the tableframför hennein-front-of her
sesee  honomhimkommacome  
tatakeifrånaway fromhonomhimkörkortetdriver license.the  genastimmediatelyt
tilldelatsgiven henneheren belöninga reward  av konungenby the king


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