The basic word order of the Swedish clause is shown below. The second position in the table, called Finite, is filled by the tensed verb in main clauses, and by the subjunction in embedded clauses. In the table, main clauses and embedded clauses are paired to show the parallel word orders.
First Position | M i d d l e p a r t | F i n a l p a r t (Verb phrase) | ||||
Finite | Subject | Sent.advl | Verb | Object | Advl | |
Vemwho | harhas | intenot | lästread | den här bokenthis book | änyet | |
(Jag vet)vemI know who | somthat | intenot | har lästhas read | den här bokenthis book | änyet | |
Den här bokenthis book | harhas | hanhe | faktisktactually | lästread | ||
(Det är) min bokit is my book | somthat | hanhe | faktisktactually | har lästhas read |
As the word order of the Final part indicates, Swedish is a language with verb-initial verb phrases.
Sententical adverbials may occur clause initially, clause finally, or in the middle field:
First position | Finite | Subject | Sent. advl. | Verb | Object. | Content advl. |
JohanJohan | harhas | troligenprobably | träffatmet | AnnaAnna | ||
Troligenprobably | harhas | JohanJohan | träffatmet | AnnaAnna | ||
JohanJohan | harhas | träffatmet | AnnaAnna | såvitt jag vetas far as I know |
The main types of Swedish sentential adverbials are:
d. Negating adverbials deny the truth of the proposition: inte ’not’.
When more than one sentential adverbial occurs in the middle field, there is usually a strict order:
X | Modal particle | Conjunctional adverbial | Modal adverbial | Focalizing adverbial | Negating adverbial | Y |
Anna harAnna has | juof course | emellertidhowever | sannoliktprobably | intenot | gjort detdone it | |
Han villhe wants | välwell | ändåstill | kanskemaybe | barajust | intenot | skrattalaugh |
The most common sentence adverbs in written Swedish: inte ‘not’, också ‘also’, även ‘also’, bara ‘just, only’, kanske ‘maybe’, ju ‘you know, of course’, därför ‘therefore‘, emellertid ‘thus’, just ‘just, exactly’, endast ‘only’.
General
The order of elements in the Swedish verb phrase is given in the scheme below. Directly following the verb is the verbal particle, which forms a separable compound with the verb. If there is an indirect object, this follows next, preceding a position where we find the subjectpredicative complement, the direct object or the associate subject; see the last example below for a case with both an indirect object and an associate subject. The object predicative complementand the infinitive of the object with infinitive construction share a position, followed by a field for bound content adverbials (Han bor i Lund ‘he lives in Lund’) and prepositional objects (Han ser på henne ‘he is looking at her’). Finally there is a field for free content adverbials and postponed phrases.
Verb | Particle | Ind. obj. | Direct object,etc. | Object predicativesetc. | Bound adverbials | Free advls,Postponed phrases |
kastathrow | utout | en bolla ball | på planenin field.the | |||
bör geshould give | honomhim | en boka book | på födelsedagenat his birthday | |||
målapaint | husetthe house | röttred | ||||
hoppajump | uppup | en katta cat | på bordetat the table | framför hennein-front-of her | ||
sesee | honomhim | kommacome | ||||
tatake | ifrånaway from | honomhim | körkortetdriver license.the | genastimmediatelyt | ||
tilldelatsgiven | henneher | en belöninga reward | av konungenby the king |
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